We found consistent treatment effects across all response variables that were independent of the model specifications. For results specific to each response, see tables of effect sizes below (i.e., Table M for Chick mortality, Table T for Chick tarsus at day 14, Table W for Chick body weight at day 14, and Table B for Chick body mass index at day 14). In short, in nests in which sibling competition was increased experimentally:
- Chicks were more likely to die (estimate [95%CI]: 0.236 [0.172 to 0.302] dead chicks per added chick)
- Chicks had smaller tarsi (-0.063 [-0.074 to -0.051] mm per added chick)
- Chicks had lower body masses (-0.182 [-0.213 to -0.153] g per added chick)
- Chicks were leaner, i.e. had the lowest body mass index (-0.00037 [-0.00045 to -0.00029] per added chick)
Notably, the increase in sibling competition corresponded to the nests with the most chicks at day 14 (i.e., the day of measurement).
A model that included an interaction between treatment and chick sex did not improve the model fit. Furthermore, the simplest models (model 2 in Methods) performed the best of all models (in addition to all our exploratory models), i.e. no other model had delta AIC smaller than 5 (predefined a priori), and even smaller than 2 (see source notes of Tables below for AIC values).
We also identified that males tended to have larger tarsi and were heavier than their sisters (regardless of the treatment), however body mass index exhibited no sex differences.
We also fitted the intended (a priori) defined models that controled for experimental pairing (i.e., reduced, enlarged). As not all data in the dataset had pairs assigned and as this method does not work for control nests (these nests had no control), we have refitted the models shown in Tables T, W and B to the reduced data and included random slope pair_ID. These results are similar to those from the initial models and can be found in the Exploratory Models section (i.e., Tables TE, WE, and BE).
Visualization of raw data showing of chick responses to experimental manipulation of sibling competition in paired nests.
In the following three panels, each point is a pair of nests that were controlled for by hatch date and brood size. Dashed diagonal line represents the null hypothesis in which there was no change in chick body morphometrics in response to the experimental brood enlargmenet or reduction. Points on the lower-right space of the plot show brood pairs in which chicks in the reduced treatment were larger in body traits than the increased treatment counterparts. Conversely, points in the upper-left space show brood pairs in which chicks in the elarged treatment were larger in body size traits than the reduced counterparts. Error bars illustrate the SE of a brood (horizontal is the reduced brood, vertical is the enlarged brood).
Figure of paired nests body weight measurements at Day 14
Figure of paired nests body mass index measurements at Day 14
Main Modeling Results
Chick Mortality Model
mortality ~ net_rearing_manipulation + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in the number of chicks between the day of manipulation and day 14 in response to the net change in brood size and the rearing brood sex ratio.
m = lmer(change_chick_n ~ net_rearing_manipulation +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) +
(1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year),
data = mou, REML = reml
)
Table M
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.759 |
[0.087, 1.433] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
0.236 |
[0.171, 0.302] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.403 |
[-0.701, 1.472] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 4%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
97% |
[92%, 100%] |
| N = 357 nests, AIC = 1420.79 , Marginal R-squared = 0.12 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
Chick Size: Tarsus Model
day_14_tarsus_length ~ net_rearing_manipulation + chick_sex_molec + day_14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick tarsus length at day 14 in response to the net change in brood size following manipulation, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mt0g = lmer(day_14_tarsus_length ~
net_rearing_manipulation +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) +
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Figure T: Response of chick body weight to net change in brood size and sex
Table T: effect sizes for chick tarsus model
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
16.554 |
[16.316, 16.813] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.063 |
[-0.074, -0.051] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.48 |
[0.434, 0.524] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.274 |
[0.179, 0.369] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.069 |
[-0.162, 0.303] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
13% |
[13%, 11%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
10% |
[10%, 8%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
12% |
[12%, 11%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
6% |
[1%, 20%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
2% |
[1%, 4%] |
| Residual |
56% |
[44%, 63%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = 3993.48 , Marginal R-squared = 0.16 , Conditional R-squared = 0.53 |
Chick Size: Weight Model
day_14_weight ~ net_rearing_manipulation + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick body weight at day 14 in response to the net change in brood size following manipulation, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mw0g = lmer(day_14_weight ~
net_rearing_manipulation +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) +
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dwg, REML = reml
)
Figure W: Response of chick body weight to net change in brood size and sex
Table W: effect sizes for chick weight model
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
10.295 |
[9.966, 10.615] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.182 |
[-0.211, -0.153] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.504 |
[0.437, 0.57] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.204 |
[0.042, 0.372] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.333 |
[-0.851, 0.196] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
55% |
[54%, 54%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
4% |
[3%, 4%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
4% |
[4%, 4%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 1%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
2% |
[1%, 4%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 2%] |
| Residual |
35% |
[32%, 37%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = 6106.58 , Marginal R-squared = 0.39 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
Chick Size: Body Mass Index Model
day_14_body_mass_index ~ net_rearing_manipulation + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick body mass index at day 14 in response to the net change in brood size following manipulation, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mb0g = lmer(body_mass_index ~
net_rearing_manipulation +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) +
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dmg, REML = reml
)
Figure B: Response of chick body mass index to net change in brood size and sex
Table B: effect sizes for chick body mass index model
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.037 |
[0.036, 0.038] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[-0.001, 0.001] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.001 |
[-0.003, 0] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
34% |
[35%, 32%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
10% |
[10%, 10%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
8% |
[6%, 10%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 5%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
41% |
[36%, 46%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = -22914.27 , Marginal R-squared = 0.08 , Conditional R-squared = 0.6 |
Exploratory Modeling Results (confined analyses to paired nests)
Paired nest: Chick Tarsus Model
PAIRED: day_14_tarsus_length ~ net_rearing_manipulation + chick_sex_molec + day_14_brood_sex_ratio
mt0gE = lmer(day_14_tarsus_length ~
net_rearing_manipulation +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) +
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad) +
(1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table TE: effect sizes for chick tarsus model of paired nests
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
16.532 |
[16.284, 16.769] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.063 |
[-0.074, -0.051] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.472 |
[0.422, 0.521] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.238 |
[0.129, 0.347] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.102 |
[-0.153, 0.35] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
13% |
[14%, 12%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
13% |
[13%, 12%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
9% |
[9%, 9%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
8% |
[1%, 18%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
54% |
[44%, 62%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = 3329.05 , Marginal R-squared = 0.17 , Conditional R-squared = 0.54 |
Paired nest: Chick Weight Model
PAIRED: day_14_weight ~ net_rearing_manipulation + chick_sex_molec + day_14_brood_sex_ratio
mw0gE = lmer(day_14_weight ~
net_rearing_manipulation +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) +
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad) +
(1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table WE: effect sizes for chick weight model of paired nests
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
10.239 |
[9.915, 10.566] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.18 |
[-0.209, -0.151] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.506 |
[0.436, 0.579] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.14 |
[-0.052, 0.339] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.319 |
[-0.908, 0.266] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
48% |
[47%, 49%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
4% |
[4%, 4%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
4% |
[4%, 4%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
6% |
[5%, 6%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| Residual |
36% |
[34%, 39%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = 5078.96 , Marginal R-squared = 0.42 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
Paired nest: Chick Body Mass Index Model
PAIRED: day_14_body_mass_index ~ net_rearing_manipulation + chick_sex_molec + day_14_brood_sex_ratio
mb0gE = lmer(body_mass_index ~
net_rearing_manipulation +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) +
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad)+ (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table BE: effect sizes for chick body mass index model of paired nests
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.037 |
[0.036, 0.039] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.002 |
[-0.003, 0] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
29% |
[29%, 28%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
10% |
[10%, 10%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
10% |
[9%, 10%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 5%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 4%] |
| Residual |
44% |
[39%, 48%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = -18502.22 , Marginal R-squared = 0.09 , Conditional R-squared = 0.59 |
Extended Results
The following models test a change in the responses (i.e., Chick tarsus at day 14, Chick body weight at day 14, and Chick body mass index at day 14) to 1) the size of the brood at day 14 (Tables with suffix “b”), chick sex, and the brood sex ratio, or 2) a sex-specific change in the number chicks moved during the manipulation, and the brood sex ratio (Tables with suffix “c”). The results of these a priori models reveal the same effects as that shown in the previous tables that simply tested the effect of net manipulation change in brood size, sex, and brood sex ratio.
day_14_tarsus_length ~ d14_rear_nest_brood_size + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick tarsus length at day 14 in response to the size of the brood at day 14, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mt14g = lmer(day_14_tarsus_length ~
d14_rear_nest_brood_size +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) + (1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table Tb
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
16.945 |
[16.65, 17.236] |
| d14_rear_nest_brood_size |
-0.047 |
[-0.06, -0.034] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.474 |
[0.422, 0.523] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.224 |
[0.112, 0.335] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.12 |
[-0.159, 0.397] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
17% |
[18%, 15%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
12% |
[13%, 11%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
7% |
[8%, 7%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
2% |
[1%, 3%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
8% |
[1%, 19%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
52% |
[41%, 60%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = 3377.39 , Marginal R-squared = 0.25 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
day_14_tarsus_length ~ net_rearing_manipulation x chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick tarsus length at day 14 in response to sex-specific net change in brood size following manipulation and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mt0gs = lmer(day_14_tarsus_length ~
net_rearing_manipulation * chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table Tc
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
16.532 |
[16.294, 16.779] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.062 |
[-0.078, -0.047] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.472 |
[0.42, 0.525] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.239 |
[0.128, 0.353] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.101 |
[-0.16, 0.363] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.017, 0.016] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecu |
-0.002 |
[-0.031, 0.026] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
13% |
[13%, 12%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
13% |
[13%, 12%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
9% |
[9%, 8%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
8% |
[1%, 18%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
55% |
[45%, 63%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = 3331.03 , Marginal R-squared = 0.27 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
day_14_weight ~ d14_rear_nest_brood_size + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick body weight at day 14 in response to the size of the brood at day 14, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mw14g = lmer(day_14_weight ~
d14_rear_nest_brood_size +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) + (1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dwg, REML = reml
)
Table Wb
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
11.154 |
[10.648, 11.676] |
| d14_rear_nest_brood_size |
-0.109 |
[-0.139, -0.079] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.504 |
[0.439, 0.571] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.188 |
[0.015, 0.361] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.275 |
[-0.877, 0.323] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
56% |
[58%, 53%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
6% |
[4%, 8%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
3% |
[1%, 5%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 4%] |
| Residual |
28% |
[24%, 31%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = 6190.05 , Marginal R-squared = 0.28 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
day_14_weight ~ net_rearing_manipulation x chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick body weight at day 14 in response to a sex-specific net change in brood size following manipulation, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mw0gs = lmer(day_14_weight ~
net_rearing_manipulation * chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dwg, REML = reml
)
Table Wc
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
10.276 |
[9.951, 10.599] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.179 |
[-0.212, -0.146] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.499 |
[0.429, 0.565] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.212 |
[0.046, 0.375] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.311 |
[-0.833, 0.215] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecm |
0.006 |
[-0.017, 0.029] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecu |
-0.031 |
[-0.087, 0.025] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
55% |
[54%, 54%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 4%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
4% |
[4%, 5%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 1%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
2% |
[1%, 4%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 2%] |
| Residual |
35% |
[32%, 37%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = 6108.78 , Marginal R-squared = 0.2 , Conditional R-squared = 0.69 |
day_14_body_mass_index ~ d14_rear_nest_brood_size + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick body mass index at day 14 in response to the size of the brood at day 14, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mb14g = lmer(body_mass_index ~
d14_rear_nest_brood_size +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dmg, REML = reml
)
Table Bb
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.039 |
[0.038, 0.041] |
| d14_rear_nest_brood_size |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[-0.001, 0.001] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.001 |
[-0.003, 0.001] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
35% |
[37%, 32%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
2% |
[3%, 2%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
8% |
[8%, 8%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
13% |
[9%, 16%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 4%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
3% |
[1%, 5%] |
| Residual |
36% |
[31%, 42%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = -22874.68 , Marginal R-squared = 0.05 , Conditional R-squared = 0.63 |
day_14_body_mass_index ~ net_rearing_manipulation x chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
This model tests for a change in chick body mass index at day 14 in response to a sex-specific net change in brood size following manipulation, the sex of the chick, and the rearing brood sex ratio.
mb0gs = lmer(body_mass_index ~
net_rearing_manipulation * chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad),
data = dmg, REML = reml
)
Table Bc
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.037 |
[0.036, 0.038] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[-0.001, 0.001] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.001 |
[-0.003, 0] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
34% |
[35%, 32%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
10% |
[10%, 10%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
8% |
[6%, 11%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 5%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
41% |
[36%, 46%] |
| N = 2550 nests, AIC = -22912.43 , Marginal R-squared = 0.08 , Conditional R-squared = 0.6 |
PAIRED: day_14_tarsus_length ~ d14_rear_nest_brood_size + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
mt14gE = lmer(day_14_tarsus_length ~
d14_rear_nest_brood_size +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) + (1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad) + (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table TEb
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
16.947 |
[16.663, 17.235] |
| d14_rear_nest_brood_size |
-0.047 |
[-0.06, -0.034] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.473 |
[0.423, 0.523] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.223 |
[0.109, 0.34] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.118 |
[-0.155, 0.399] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
18% |
[18%, 16%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
13% |
[13%, 12%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
8% |
[8%, 7%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
2% |
[1%, 3%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
8% |
[1%, 19%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
51% |
[41%, 58%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = 3379.39 , Marginal R-squared = 0.25 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
PAIRED: day_14_tarsus_length ~ net_rearing_manipulation x chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
mt0gsE = lmer(day_14_tarsus_length ~
net_rearing_manipulation*chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad)+ (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table TEc
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
16.531 |
[16.285, 16.775] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.063 |
[-0.077, -0.048] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.472 |
[0.419, 0.525] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.24 |
[0.13, 0.347] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
0.101 |
[-0.159, 0.348] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.017, 0.016] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecu |
-0.002 |
[-0.03, 0.025] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
14% |
[14%, 12%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
13% |
[13%, 12%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
9% |
[9%, 9%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
7% |
[1%, 18%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| Residual |
54% |
[45%, 62%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = 3333.03 , Marginal R-squared = 0.27 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
PAIRED: day_14_weight ~ d14_rear_nest_brood_size + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
mw14gE = lmer(day_14_weight ~
d14_rear_nest_brood_size +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID) + (1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad) + (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table WEb
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
11.252 |
[10.736, 11.763] |
| d14_rear_nest_brood_size |
-0.116 |
[-0.149, -0.083] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.507 |
[0.432, 0.581] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.121 |
[-0.075, 0.322] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.299 |
[-0.954, 0.369] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
60% |
[61%, 58%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
1% |
[1%, 1%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
2% |
[1%, 5%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 5%] |
| Residual |
28% |
[25%, 31%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = 5154.9 , Marginal R-squared = 0.3 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
PAIRED: day_14_weight ~ net_rearing_manipulation x chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
mw0gsE = lmer(day_14_weight ~
net_rearing_manipulation * chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad)+ (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table WEc
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
10.231 |
[9.899, 10.554] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
-0.175 |
[-0.209, -0.143] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0.5 |
[0.423, 0.579] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0.149 |
[-0.04, 0.345] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.309 |
[-0.887, 0.306] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecm |
0.005 |
[-0.018, 0.03] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecu |
-0.031 |
[-0.088, 0.025] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
48% |
[48%, 49%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
4% |
[4%, 4%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
4% |
[4%, 5%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
6% |
[5%, 6%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 0%] |
| Residual |
36% |
[34%, 39%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = 5081.3 , Marginal R-squared = 0.42 , Conditional R-squared = NA |
PAIRED: day_14_body_mass_index ~ d14_rear_nest_brood_size + chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
mb14gE = lmer(body_mass_index ~
d14_rear_nest_brood_size +
chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad)+ (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table BEb
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.04 |
[0.038, 0.041] |
| d14_rear_nest_brood_size |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.001 |
[-0.003, 0] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
34% |
[35%, 32%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
9% |
[9%, 9%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
6% |
[5%, 6%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
3% |
[2%, 4%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 2%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 3%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
4% |
[1%, 8%] |
| Residual |
40% |
[34%, 45%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = -18463.29 , Marginal R-squared = 0.06 , Conditional R-squared = 0.61 |
PAIRED: day_14_body_mass_index ~ net_rearing_manipulation x chick_sex_molec + day14_brood_sex_ratio
mb0gsE = lmer(body_mass_index ~
net_rearing_manipulation * chick_sex_molec +
brood_sex_ratio +
(1|day14_measurer) + (1|rear_area) +
(1|rear_nest_OH_l) + (1|hatch_year) +
(1|rear_nest_breed_ID)+
(1|hatch_mom_Ring) + (1|genetic_dad)+ (1|pair_ID),
data = dtg, REML = reml
)
Table BEc
|
Parameter estimate |
95% credible interval |
| fixed |
| (Intercept) |
0.037 |
[0.036, 0.039] |
| net_rearing_manipulation |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[-0.001, 0] |
| brood_sex_ratio |
-0.001 |
[-0.003, 0] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecm |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| net_rearing_manipulation:chick_sex_molecu |
0 |
[0, 0] |
| random % |
| rear_nest_breed_ID (Intercept) |
29% |
[29%, 28%] |
| genetic_dad (Intercept) |
3% |
[3%, 3%] |
| hatch_mom_Ring (Intercept) |
10% |
[10%, 10%] |
| pair_ID (Intercept) |
10% |
[9%, 10%] |
| rear_nest_OH_l (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 1%] |
| rear_area (Intercept) |
0% |
[0%, 1%] |
| day14_measurer (Intercept) |
2% |
[0%, 5%] |
| hatch_year (Intercept) |
1% |
[0%, 4%] |
| Residual |
44% |
[39%, 48%] |
| N = 2070 nests, AIC = -18499.93 , Marginal R-squared = 0.09 , Conditional R-squared = 0.59 |
